Thicknessing machines are used for wood processing. With their help planing of boards is carried out, the thickness of parts is leveled, a smooth surface of products is formed. Using modern carpentry equipment, the process of polishing wood is accelerated, resulting in increased productivity.
Using
The surface gage is necessary for planing planing of wood elements of various thicknesses. Before entering a surface gage, the board often passes through the planer.
The portable unit is lightweight, compact, mobility. Some models have a simpler system for changing torches, allow you to increase the depth of cut. Mini-thicknessers are more often used in home workshops, where large volumes of work are not required, and there is no possibility to place large-sized equipment.
Design features
The principle of operation of the thicknessing machine depends on its design features. Devices are:
- One sided. They process the board only on one side.
- Two way. The workpiece is planed on two opposite sides. The bottom and top of the board are processed.
- Special. In their configuration there may be three or more cutting elements.
The most commonly used single-sided machine, at least double-sided.
All thicknessers are equipped with a horizontal table - a carefully polished solid plate on which the cutting depth is formed. Unlike joint models, the household unit is not equipped with a guide ruler. On each device there is a milling cutter, including several knives (the quantity depends on the type of equipment), an automatic wood feed system by moving along two roller guides.
Details, mechanisms
Details and mechanisms of the thicknessing machine are mounted on a hollow cast-iron skeleton, which makes the structure stable. As a support table, metal corners with a size of 100 x 100 mm and a length of at least 1 m can be used. Installation of the support table is carried out by hanging it on the technological elements of the machine. After that, the structure is fixed with clamps and bolts. On the guide rails the table moves in height with a special lift.
The knife shaft is installed strictly above the table. The giving mechanism - two pair rollers. One pair is placed in front of the shaft, the second behind it. The upper movable elements are located above the lower ones, they are driven, they are launched from the engine. Their second name is the feeders: from them the material is fed to the free lower rollers, which are driven from this by movement. The double-sided unit is equipped with knife shafts located in the table and above it.
The lower rollers are designed to facilitate the process of feeding the workpiece to the torches. They are mounted so that the knives protrude 0.25 mm above the surface of the plate. This adjustment ensures smooth planing of the board, without deflection, vibration. The surface of the front upper roller mounted a few millimeters below the workpiece has a corrugated structure. This improves grip.
The rear upper movable element with a smooth surface, which allows not to deform the freshly planed board. The alignment is 1 mm below the cutting edges of the torches. The feed rollers are placed in parallel - the thicknessing machine at a time can accept only workpieces with the same thickness. If a board is fed a few millimeters thinner on the equipment, when it comes into contact with the blade shaft, an end impact will occur, the workpiece will be thrown back.
The working process
The simultaneous processing of sawn timber of different thicknesses requires the addition of equipment with a corrugated sectional roller, which allows the use of the entire width of the table. This technique increases the efficiency of the process. Sectional part includes 12 rings with a corrugated surface. They are fixed on a common axis by springs. Lumber with a greater thickness under the action of the springs retains adhesion to the machine, otherwise it will not work to make high-quality and safe processing of different-sized lumber. The back discharge of the workpiece is ruled out by suspensions.
To protect the cutter, a massive cap is mounted above it, guarding a sharp knife, while directing the chips into the exhauster. For the manufacture of furniture, decorative interior items, a grinding device is necessary, a surface gage is useful. Only it needs to be understaffed with a drum with a smooth surface and a grinding sand with which it is tightened.
The quality of work performed on the thicknesser depends on the speed of rotation of the shaft knives. The higher this indicator, the cleaner the processed lumber will be. For domestic use, a sufficient speed of 6000-10000 rpm. The weight of such machines is usually 27-30 kg.
The desired size of the workpiece is attached using a scale mounted on the bed. At the same time, a certain distance is maintained between the table and the knife shaft.. Special clamping elements are mounted on two sides of the knife shaft. This eliminates the vibration of wood. Chip grinding is performed by a device that simultaneously presses the workpiece to the plate.
Video showing work on the machine.
How to choose a thicknesser
When choosing a thicknesser, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the work performed, the intensity of the functional loads assigned to the equipment. Devices differ in technical characteristics, build quality. The cost of products may depend on the brand, configuration.
The table shows the characteristics of some models.
Model | Corvette 21 | Interskol RS -318/1500 | Makita 2012NB | DeWalt DW 733 |
power, kWt | 1500 | 1500 | 1650 | 1800 |
Planing Width, mm | 318 | 318 | 304 | 317 |
Depth of planing, mm | 2,5 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
Drum rotation frequency, rpm | 8000 | 9000 | 8500 | 10000 |
Weight, kg | 39 | 32 | 28,1 | 33,6 |
Dimensions mm | 610x370x470 | 600x355x463 | 483x771x401 | 520x310x445 |
Average price, rub | 22 594 | 26 590 | 34 260 | 52 874 |